Electricians must have professional knowledge and sufficient theoretical principles as a basis to ensure that faults can be judged and analyzed immediately and accurately. The following introduces several commonly used power system troubleshooting methods.

1. Resistance testing method Resistance testing method is a commonly used measurement method. It usually refers to a method of using the resistance range of a multimeter to measure whether the motor, lines, contacts, etc. meet the nominal value and whether they are connected and disconnected, or using a megohmmeter to measure the insulation resistance between phases and between phases and ground.

When measuring, pay attention to the range used and the accuracy of the calibration table. Generally speaking, when using the resistance method to measure, the general approach is to use the low range first. At the same time, pay attention to whether there is a loop in the line under test, and power-on measurement is strictly prohibited.

2. Voltage testing method Voltage testing method refers to a method that uses the corresponding voltage range of a multimeter to measure the voltage value in a circuit. Usually when measuring, sometimes the voltage of the power supply and load is measured, and sometimes the open circuit voltage is measured to determine whether the line is normal.

When measuring, you should pay attention to the gear of the instrument and choose the appropriate range. Under normal circumstances, when measuring unknown AC voltage or open circuit voltage, the highest voltage level is usually selected to ensure that it does not work at high voltage and low range to avoid damaging the meter; at the same time, when measuring DC, pay attention to the positive and negative polarities.

3. Current testing method Current testing method is usually a method to determine the cause of the fault by measuring whether the current in the circuit meets the normal value. For weak current circuits, the current range of an ammeter or multimeter is usually connected in series in the circuit for measurement; for high current circuits, a clamp ammeter is usually used for detection.

4. The instrument detection method uses various instruments to measure various parameters, such as using an oscilloscope to observe changes in waveforms and parameters to analyze the cause of the fault. It is mostly used for weak current lines.

5. The conventional inspection method relies on human sense organs (such as: some electrical equipment has burnt smell, sparks, discharge, etc.) and uses some simple instruments (such as: multimeter) to find the cause of the fault. This method is the most commonly used in repairs and is also the earliest method used.

6. Replacement of original parts: When it is suspected that a certain device or circuit board is faulty but cannot be confirmed and replacement parts are available, the parts can be replaced and tested to see if the fault disappears and returns to normal.

7. Direct inspection method: When the cause of the fault is understood or the fault location is determined based on experience, the suspected fault point can be directly inspected.

8. Step-by-step troubleshooting method: If a short-circuit fault occurs, you can gradually cut off part of the line to determine the fault scope and fault point.

9. Parameter adjustment method: In some cases, when a fault occurs, the components in the line are not necessarily bad, and the line contact is also good. It's just that some physical quantities are improperly adjusted or run for a long time. It may be that external factors cause system parameters to change, or system values cannot be automatically corrected, causing the system to fail to work properly. At this time, adjustments should be made according to the specific conditions of the equipment.

10. Principle analysis method: According to the schematic diagram of the control system, by tracking the signals related to the fault, analyze and judge, find the fault point, and find out the cause of the fault. Using this method requires maintenance personnel to have a clear understanding of the working principles of the entire system and unit circuits.

11. Comparison, analysis and judgment method It is based on the working principle of the system, the action procedures of each control link and the logical relationship between them, combined with the fault phenomenon, to compare, analyze and judge, reduce the measurement and inspection links, and quickly determine the scope of the fault.

The above common methods can be used alone or in combination. When encountering actual electrical faults, it should be used flexibly based on the specific situation.

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